In the book of Job the problem of evil is raised, why God have created an imperfect world where evil is an ordinary part of life, that concept stayed relevant for centuries for both theologians and philosophers
Job is a faithful servant to God, old, prosperous, respecting his creator
The devil says that Job act this way only because God is benevolent and if not for all the money and tranquil life God give him, Job would never be his servant.
If faith and virtue is not rewarded then everybody would reject God even the faithful Job is the argument.
God allows the Devil to test Job (if God is all knowing then he would know beforehand how Job would react and if his faith will change, if God is all good he would not put to such a hurtful test his followers, that's an issue I have with Kierkegaard and Abraham but the religious answer would be that God is unknowable, there is a mystery, that's crucial to Gabriel Marcel and many existentialists, we cannot really solve problems horizontally and pursue rationally the correct attitude seems to be to not to try to solve any problem, to let the mystery be and separate ourselves from it vertically by ascending toward the divine (greek mystics like Plotinus, the christian Simone Weil, the upanishads, buddhism agree on the notion of not focusing on this temporal/illusional/imperfect world but to focus on a harmony, an awakening of the soul and/or a spiritual ascension), it is the tradition from Jerusalem based on faith and NOT the tradition from Athens based on reason like the Shestov says it)

Job is now suffering and losing his children and his possessions and ends up alone with himself; his wife tell him to curse his malvolent God, the friends of Job suggest that if Job is suffering it is because he has sinned, then they say every human is a sinner (adam and eve's original guilt is punishing the whole of humanity), they think they understand God's mind, there must be reasons, people are depraved, it is deserved.
Job says that the human accusation don't impact him, he knows he is innocent and he is only interested by what God thinks about the situation, only his divine judgement and no one else
There is finally the message of Elihu: "If you're completely devoted you must accept everything and never rebel against him, no matter the suffering, no matter what", a superiority that cannot be challenged, you can agree with God or disagree and no in between

It is an unsatisfactory ending, only the submission
Deus impossibile non jubet (God does not ask the impossible) and yet it is such a difficult position to be in
Those religious views seems to be pretty anti-philosophy yet are seen as spiritual heroes against the relative dominance of rationality and reason.

Blaise Pascal, Soren Kierkegaard, Lev Shestov and the existentialists will embrace this resignation and accept the limits of our rationnal, human understanding; it's even integral of being truly christian to them, as it's only in moments of difficulty that we make the ultimate choice (believing obediently without being challenged would have less value, the kingdom of god can only obtained through conflicts, mostly internals), there can't be a lukewarm answer, believing or not.